Communicate In A Business Environment Essay

Learning Outcome 1: Understand the purpose of planning communication 1.1 Explain why different communication methods are used in the business environment. Effective communication is vital to the smooth running of a business and various methods of communication are used within a business environment to achieve this. Each form has various benefits to communicate effectively to their designated target audience. When communication is carried out properly it means the sender and receiver both correctly obtain the same information. Each form of communication will be chosen to which is applicable to the situation for example for a one-to-one/ team meeting will be best carried out face-to-face as it is the most effective way to make sure a point is understood properly, as it is a lot more personal and professional. Whereas if a company wants to distribute a monthly newsletter, this wouldn’t need to be as personal as a face to face, it could be carried out over email. Therefore this wouldn’t mean a employee would have to take time out of work and the messages can be sent on a large scale without taking much time to process. Read more:  Identify the different reasons people communicate  essay 1.2 Describe the communication requirements of different audiences. Communication styles need to be adjusted and adapted depending on the target  audience and situation. This is determined by considering which mean of communication is most effective whether it be written or verbal. The various requirements that may need to be catered for include age, gender and ethnicity and special needs. For example, younger people have shorts attention spans, while older people are more patient and are able to sit for longer period of time. Another example is making the visual communication more accessible such as large fonts for partially sighted people. When preparing verbal presentations people with special needs should be considered, such as people who lip read, so they can be positioned appropriately in the room. People with mobility problems such as wheelchair users may require wide aisles for easy access. If arranging group activities you will be required to consider the group of people so that a special needs member can cooperate. 1.3 Explain the importance of using correct grammar, sentence structure, punctuation, spelling and conventions in business communications. a Grammar The aim of having correct grammar is to ensure what is written is correctly understood. A sentence that contains grammatical errors can be difficult to read and can cause misunderstandings. It is important to use correct grammar whether writing or speaking to communicate effectively to help people get a better understanding and to express your communication more precisely and clearly. b Sentence structure It is important to use correct sentence structure in business communications so your writing has variation and isn’t all the same. Using a variety of sentence types can help emphasise different points and ideas. A good sentence structure allows the communication to be correctly interpreted whereas a poor sentence structure can be misinterpreted. c Punctuation It is essential to use correct punctuation to enable the communication to be readable and easy to understand. Punctuation is used in writing to separate sentences and clarify meaning. An error in punctuation can convey an inaccurate meaning to the one intended. d Spelling It is important to use correct spelling in business communications as standardising spelling makes it a lot clearer to understand the text. Incorrect spelling can lead to confusion, mistakes being made and communications being misinterpreted. One misspelled word can change the entire meaning of a sentence giving the reader the wrong message or impression. e Conventions It is important to use conventions in business communications to ensure the writing is in a easier format which the reader will be comfortable with. Conventions are the spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar and paragraphing making writing more understandable. This enhances the readability for the audience so they can fluently read the communication without having to stop and try figure out what was actually intended. The use of proper grammar and vocabulary is appropriate in business documents, such as emails and letters, as it is important in a working environment to form a professional respectable relationship with colleagues and customers. If sending an email or letter professionally for business use this would be in a very formal format, whereas if the email was getting sent to a friend the language would be very informal with possibly the use of flag or text talk. The use of conventions always needs to be adjusted depending on the audience, purpose and context. 1.4 Explain the importance of using appropriate body language and tone of voice when communicating verbally. A large part of face-to-face communication is made up of non-verbal  information and is expressed by body language and tone of voice. The tone of your voice includes the volume which you speak, the type of emotion you use and the emphasis placed on the words you use. The same sentence could have various meanings depending on which word is emphasized so it is important to us the appropriate tone when placing emphasis on words to draw the listener’s attention. Doing this incorrectly could mislay the wrong information and impression. Body language portray subconscious messages when communicating. Examples of body language include eye contact, facial expressions, composure and gestures. Body language is recognised instinctively, without having to be told what it means. When relaying messages a lot of the time it isn’t what you say it is how you say it and if your body language contradicts this, the message will not be clear to the audience.

Jasper Jones †to what extent is the novel quintessentially Australian Essay

To what extent is the novel quintessentially Australian? Jasper Jones is an Australian novel by Craig Silvey that explores issues prominent in the author’s 1960s context. Set in the fictional mining town of Corrigan, the novel is a bildungsroman following Charlie Bucktin as he is awakened to the harsh reality of human nature. The novel addresses the main themes of morality, justice and trust, but these universal human issues are coloured by an Australian setting, reflective of Silvey’s contemporary context. The issues of morality and ethics have always been fundamental to the human struggle, but Silvey explores these themes through uniquely Australian concerns, namely the plight of the outcasts, in the treatment of indigenous Australians and immigrants. The setting of the novel, a small town where people are ignorant and bigoted, is representative of the same issues in the wider Australian context. It is made clear to Jasper that â€Å"This town, they think I’m a bloody animal.† due to his half-Aboriginal heritage. The animal metaphor and emotive language highlights Corrigan’s non-tolerance towards racial differences, while the first person perspective depicts the damaging effect this has upon an outcast individual. This is reinforced by the treatment of other characters such as the An family – â€Å"Go back to Hanoi, rats.† The repetition of derogatory animal metaphor and the aggressive tone reveals the prevalent racism. Charlie himself is also bullied for using words that are â€Å"too clever†. Silvey’s portrayal of Corrigan is representative of the morality of his own society. In this racist and anti-intellectual Australian context, outcasts are isolated and beaten down. The theme of justice is closely linked to that of morality; in a town with corrupted values, can justice ever be impartial? Charlie’s moral conflict over whether or not to report Laura Wishart’s body explores the idea of moral relativity. He is aware that â€Å"All that matters is the fact of this girl’s death and the town’s imagination†. The collective town is characterised as an anthropomorphic entity with skewed values; forcing innocent boys to act as if guilty. â€Å"I feel I am caught in a rip, being dragged out further and deeper against my will.† The use of the simile  conveys the boys’ helplessness to enact justice in the face of the â€Å"town’s imagination†. The body itself is a symbol of the novel’s underlying moral dilemmas. In disposing of Laura’s body, Charlie explicitly says that â€Å"I’m committing a crime.† He knows that helping Jasper is the right thing to do, but the use of the word crime, and all it connotes, illustrates how morality can be contrary to traditional justice. The issues of morality and justice explored are unquestionably universal in nature, but the novel’s particular setting and situation renders it a striking commentary on quintessentially Australian concerns. The value of trust and loyalty is also one that is common to all human experience, and it is this that defines Charlie and Jasper’s relationship; which is forged at the beginning of the novel by the crisis of finding Laura’s body. â€Å"Trust me. You got to trust me. Like I trust you.† Jasper’s pleading tone and the repetition of the highly emotive word â€Å"trust†, begging Charlie to help him escape the injustice of being wrongfully persecuted, cements trust as a key value in the novel. With this trust, Charlie is able to look beyond Jasper’s race and form a bond with him, despite the town’s negative stereotyping. He states that â€Å"I am the ally of Jasper Jones†, and helps him despite his conflicted morals. The word â€Å"ally† suggests that despite not knowing Jasper very well, they share a mutual trust and dependence. The relationship between the boys is reminiscent of the loyalty and comradeship between soldiers, bonded by trial. Against the backdrop of the Vietnam War, these values were highly important to the Australian cultural identity in Silvey’s context. Through Charlie’s coming of age, Silvey’s Jasper Jones presents a compelling insight into the duality of morality and the human values of loyalty and justice. Though these are undeniably universal in nature, Silvey explores these issues through the lens of his own Australian context, to give a novel which is quintessentially Australian and yet fundamentally human.

How to Make an Edible Water Bottle

You dont need to wash any dishes if you put your water in an edible water bottle! This is an easy spherification recipe that involves making a gel coating around liquid water. Once you master this simple molecular gastronomy technique, you can apply it to other liquids. Edible Water Bottle Materials The key ingredient for this project is sodium alginate, a natural gelling powder derived from algae. The sodium alginate gels or polymerizes when reacted with calcium. Its a common alternative to gelatin, used in candies and other foods. We have suggested calcium lactate as the calcium source, but you could also use calcium gluconate or food-grade calcium chloride. These ingredients are readily available online. You can also find them in grocery stores that carry ingredients for molecular gastronomy. Materials and equipment: Water1 gram sodium alginate5 grams of calcium lactateLarge bowlSmaller bowlHand mixerSpoon with a rounded bottom (soup spoon or round measuring spoon works great) The size of the spoon determines the size of your water bottle. Use a large spoon for big water blobs. Use a tiny spoon if you want little caviar-sized bubbles. Make an Edible Water Bottle In a small bowl, add 1 gram of sodium alginate to 1 cup of water.Use the hand mixer to make sure the sodium alginate is combined with the water. Let the mixture sit for about 15 minutes to remove any air bubbles. The mixture will turn from a white liquid to a clear mixture.In a large bowl, stir 5 grams of calcium lactate into 4 cups of water. Mix well to dissolve the calcium lactate.Use your rounded spoon to scoop up the sodium alginate solution.Gently drop the sodium alginate solution into the bowl containing the calcium lactate solution. It will immediately form a ball of water in the bowl. You can drop more spoonfuls of sodium alginate solution into the calcium lactate bath. Just be careful the water balls dont touch each other because they would stick together. Let the water balls sit in the calcium lactate solution for 3 minutes. You can gently stir around the calcium lactate solution if you like. (Note: the time determines the thickness of the polymer coating. Use less time for a thinner coating and more time for a thicker coating.)Use a slotted spoon to gently remove each water ball. Place each ball in a bowl of water to stop any further reaction. Now you can remove the edible water bottles and drink them. The inside of each ball is water. The bottle is edible too -- its an algae-based polymer. Using Flavors and Liquids Other Than Water As you might imagine, its possible to color and flavor both the edible coating and the liquid inside the bottle. Its okay to add food coloring to the liquid. You can use flavored beverages rather than water, but its best to avoid acidic drinks because they affect the polymerization reaction. There are special procedures for dealing with acidic beverages.

Paradise Lost By John Milton Essay - 1387 Words

Eve in Paradise Lost In the visions of Western world and civilization, the descend of mankind from the Garden of Eden serves as the prominent, underlying story of the formulation of existence. In 1667, in the seventeenth century, author John Milton recasts the creation story in an epic form of poetry consisting of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse, in order to conspicuously portray the characters and their actions that lead to the Fall of Mankind. In both Paradise Lost and the Bible, the blame for the banishment of mankind from the Garden of Eden is placed on Eve for falling into the seducing of Satan. Throughout his epic work, Milton conveys Eve s advancement from an autonomous woman to a more reliant woman to portray that women are not essentially conceived as acquiescent beings. Eve is compelled into assent due to the patriarchal environment she is surrounded by, therefore attributing it and allowing her to develop into a women. Paradise Lost conceives Eve as more than solely the mother of humankind and the wife of Adam. Milton s emendation of Eve in a biblical sense alters the character from fixed as portrayed in the Bible to a more dynamic person in Paradise Lost. In doing so, Milton portrays to the reader a different and originally a more favorable perspective of Eve and her character. Conveyed through the Book of Genesis, in the Old Testament of the Bible, Eve is purely Adam s wife who eats from the tree that God appointed as forbidden. SheShow MoreRelatedParadise Lost By John Milton1266 Words   |  6 Pages John Milton was said to be a devout Christian who took a broad and bold stance in many of his works in depicting the Bible in one way or the other. Some of these works are Samson Agonistes, Paradise Regained, On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity, and most famously known, Paradise Lost. Paradise Lost tells of the fall of mankind through Adam and Eve, very similar to the story that is in the Bible. This epic poem embodies many different stories and i magery taken from the Bible several times. John MiltonRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton1947 Words   |  8 PagesParadise Lost was written by John Milton in an effort to explain why, and how, the Fall of Man occurred; but he does this not by reiterating the biblical Genesis story, but by providing readers with an imaginative and poetic re-creation of the story. He is able to retell the story, â€Å"Fall of Man,† while also expressing his own perspective and personal truths through the characters. Milton also seems to meet most, if not all, of the epic poem conventions, with this epic, consisting of over ten thousandRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton997 Words   |  4 PagesIn John Milton’s poem, Paradise Lost, written out were twelve books that mainly focused on Adam and Eve. The plot essentially focuses on the defiance that Adam and Eve have created due to Satan’s persuasive manner to destroy humankind. In book four, Milton introduces the creation of m an. The Bible states, â€Å"the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground† (The Holy Bible (ESV), Genesis. 2.7). The name of God’s creation is Adam. After contemplation, God realizes man shall not be alone. This isRead MoreParadise Lost by John Milton828 Words   |  3 PagesWritten at the heart of the Enlightenment John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, illustrates some of the impacts that the key principles of the controversial time. Paradise Lost, unlike the King James Bible, shows logical thinking, complexity, and true love in Adam and Eve. This gives the reader more of an idea of how he tries to justify God’s ways to men. In doing this John Milton shows the reader that Adam and Eve should be held most responsible for the fall of mankind, because God created themRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton853 Words   |  4 PagesAt first glance, Paradise Lost by John Milton can easily give the impression that this classic piece of literature is a c ut copy of the Book of Genesis. Contrary to that notion, Milton’s retelling of the story of the fall of man differs from the western idealized Old Testament in many ways. Throughout the 10,000 lines of the poem, Milton characterizes Adam, Eve, and Satan [Lucifer] with vivid, well thought out dialogue. Overall, Milton’s reimplementation of the archetypal text of the Book of GenesisRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton2091 Words   |  9 PagesParadise Lost by John Milton Paradise Lost by John Milton John Milton divided the characters in his epic poem Paradise Lost into two sides, one side under God representing good, and the other side under Satan representing evil and sin. Milton first introduced the reader to the character Satan, the representative of all evil, and his allegiance of fallen angels that aided in his revolt against God (Milton 35). Only later did Milton introduce the reader to all powerful God, leader and creator ofRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton2137 Words   |  9 Pagessaid that the â€Å"paradise† that was lost in Paradise Lost was the equality of man and woman. In John Milton’s, Paradise Lost, Milton gives a fictional, inside look of the fall from grace. He explains the events that led up to the fall, the thoughts and inner workings of God and Satan, and the crumbling of Adam and Eve and their seemingly perfect relationship. Milton proves how Adam’s blind devotion and Eve’s uncertainty of her own self cause humanity to fall. In doing so, Paradise Lost has challengedRead MoreParadise Lost by John Milton1447 Words   |  6 Pagesas inferior to men, Milton’s Paradise Lost presents a view of women that could be described as proto-feminist and advanced for its time. During the 17th century, the stereotypical women lived as â€Å"either obedient as ‘Milton Mother’ or disobedient and wanton if they neglect[ed] their responsibilities as wife, which [signified] submissiveness and motherhood† (qtd. in Wang 4). Some scholars argue that Milton used this predominant viewpoint of his time in Paradise Lost; Sandra Gilbert (1978) writesRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton970 Words   |  4 PagesParadise Lost, a book by John Milton describes the fall of angels, defeat of Satan and the story of Adam and Eve. It portrays the power craving Satan and how his rebellion and negligence and disobedience to God, not only lead to his fall and defeat but also the fall of humans and the reason behi nd Eve eating the apple, and exiting paradise. In Paradise Lost, Satan displays many qualities throughout the book; however, the outstanding quality that accounted for his defeat was his excessive arroganceRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost 1328 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mezian Professor Mylander English 589 14 November 2016 Paradise Lost Essay In his epic poem titled Paradise Lost, John Milton describes his work as a process to justify â€Å"the ways of God to men†. In terms of the personal and individual, Milton’s main concern was between a man’s relationship and God. With this, comes the very idea of free will itself. One can define free will as the ability and freedom to choose between different possible courses of action. Not only is free will portrayed in

The Epidemic Of Obesity And Diabetes Essay - 1432 Words

tually zero.’ That’s a reasonable estimate of the probability that public health authorities in the foreseeable future will successfully curb the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes, at least according to Margaret Chan, the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) – a person who should know. Virtually zero is the likelihood, Chan said at the National Academy of Medicine’s annual meeting in October, that she and her many colleagues worldwide will successfully prevent ‘a bad situation’ from ‘getting much worse’. That Chan also described these epidemics as a ‘slow-motion disaster’ suggests the critical nature of the problem: ‘population-wide’ explosions in the prevalence of obesity along with increases in the occurrence of diabetes that frankly strain the imagination: a disease that leads to blindness, kidney failure, amputation, heart disease and premature death, and that was virtuall y non-existent in hospital inpatient records from the mid-19th century, now afflicts one in 11 Americans; in some populations, as many as one in two adults are diabetic. In the midst of such a public health crisis, the obvious question to ask is why. Many reasons can be imagined for any public health failure, but we have no precedents for a failure of this magnitude. As such, the simplest explanation is that we’re not targeting the right agent of disease; that our understanding of the aetiology of both obesity and diabetes is somehow flawed, perhaps tragically so.Show MoreRelatedDiabetes And Obesity A World Wide Epidemic Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesDiabesity - Diabetes and Obesity a World Wide Epidemic Diabetes and obesity have become a worldwide epidemic affecting over 370 million people. These diseases have become known as Diabesity the combination of diabetes and obesity because between 80 and 90 percent of people diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes – the most common form of diabetes, are also diagnosed as being obese. The rise of Type 2 diabetes and obesity can be linked to the modern advances and conveniences that we all have grown to knowRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Diabetes833 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past several years, obesity has become a serious health concern in all around the world, Including the United States; overweight is at least partly responsible for the dramatic increase in diagnoses of type two diabetes (on-set diabetes) among children and adults. Diabesity is the label for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity (McNaughton 71 ). In Diabesity and the stigmatization of lifestyle in Australia we diagnose the correlation between obesity and diabetes; whether one of them isRead MoreThe Ideal Healthcare Delivery For Developing Countries On Proper Nutrition And Food Consumption Rates1121 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes follows behind inactivity and obesity, both of which have increased during China’s economic boom. The nation has accepted the fact that we will have a high rise and development of cases of Diabetes in this century. Did you know that 20 million people have the disease, and that number is expected to double by 2025 (â€Å"Search Publications†)? A highly important control group in this disease is simply educating the countries on proper nutrition and food consumption rates. Another factor thatRead MoreHigh Fructose Corn Syrup : The Diabetic and Obesity Dangers Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesHigh Fructose Corn Syrup: The Diabetic and Obesity Dangers Abstract: The use of high fructose corn syrup as a sweetener in various food and drink products has drastically affected the American people in the last three decades. Dominating 55% of the sweetener market because of its industrial benefits, HFCS’s increased use has caused dramatic effects in its consumers, including upsetting normal hormonal functions, destroying vital organs, nerves, and throwing off the body’s mineral balance. As theRead MoreObesity : A Serious Health Condition1452 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a person’s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). O besity is not like most well-known diseases;Read MoreEquity Theory and Childhood Obesity1429 Words   |  6 Pages, Weihrich, H. (2008). Essentials of Management. New York: McGraw Hill. Montana, P., Charnov, B. (2008). Management. Hauppauge, NY: Barrons Educational Services. Part 2 Childhood Obesity Literature Review One of the more serious issues affecting the developed world today is the issue of obesity and the link between being overweight and disease. We are literally besieged by advertisements about our health on one hand telling us to eat more, eat late, and eat fast food on the other handRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Obesity828 Words   |  3 PagesHills, A., et.al., eds. (2007). Children, Obesity Exercise. New York: Routledge. Americas children are not getting enough exercise, and the health risks due to obesity are becoming epidemic in nature. Even First Lady Michelle Obama is supporting an initiative to help children become more active and to provide for exercise (at least 30-60 minutes per day) in all schools. Even limited amounts of exercise can have great health benefits. When humans exercise, the brain produces chemicals that helpRead MoreAn Analysis Of Brandon Knowlen s Campaign Advertisement Sequence, Obesity Is Suicide, For The Northern Bariatric Surgery924 Words   |  4 PagesCan Kill Us All. A Rhetorical Analysis of Brandon Knowlen’s Campaign Advertisement Sequence â€Å"Obesity is Suicide† for The Northern Bariatric Surgery Institute Intro: Sausage Paragraph: According to the National Institutes of Health, â€Å"Obesity and overweight together are the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. An estimated 300,000 deaths per year are due to the obesity epidemic.† When people become severely overweight it affects every part of their body. In this first adRead MoreObesity : Becoming A Public Concern1654 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary Obesity has become an epidemic in American societies that has become a public concern. According to the American Obesity Association (AOA), overweight and obesity rates are higher than ever in America’s youth. Obesity is the fastest growing cause of disease in American society today. Some of the major health concerns for today’s youth with obesity include severe asthma, Diabetes, Hypertension, orthopedic complications and sleep apnea. Researchers have come up with manyRead MoreLife Expectancy For Australia s Rising Epidemic Of Obesity1046 Words   |  5 Pagesincurable type 2 diabetes (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2013). Australia’s biggest killer, Coronary heart disease (CHD) was responsible for 13.6% of all Australian deaths recorded in 2012 (Abs.gov.au, 2012). One catalyst for CHD and Diabetes is Australia’s rising epidemic of obesity. During this report, obesity will be covered, and why is it a current health issue in Australia, the problems associated w ith obesity, current programs in-place to tackle the rising issue and how obesity can be reduced through

Young and Middle Adulthood free essay sample

Michael is 45 years old, and is considered to be in his middle adulthood stage. In this stage in life he will experience changes in physical strength, reaction time, loss of hearing, and a few health changes. These issues might develop earlier than usual since this man does not care about his physical health or appearance. Michael spent 20 years of his life as an attorney and is now a mentor for troubled male youths. He is dating a 45 year old woman who has 3 adult children of her own. Michael has no children of his own but does not seem to mind surrounding himself around them. Maybe he wants kids but never had the opportunity to have any. He has insecurities with his relationship with Tina, his girlfriend, and he would like to take their relationship to the next level but is unsure Tina feels the same. It seems like maybe Michael has had commitment issues over the years, drowning himself in work and helping others. We will write a custom essay sample on Young and Middle Adulthood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Michael is 200 pounds overweight, and his girlfriend is the complete opposite, she likes to go to the gym and spends up to 4 hours at a time, there. He has no interest in going to the gym, but Michael and Tina seem to get a long pretty well, despite the limited time they get to spend with one another, and Michael and Tina do not live together. Michael’s girlfriend vowed to be celibate until she remarries and Michael respects that. Michael fears that Tina is emotionally unavailable, which can also be a reason why he stays so strongly connected to his friends and minister at his church. Taylor is Michael’s 37 year old sister who is HIV positive due to a blood transfusion gone awry. She lives with him and does not work but cooks and cleans for him, buying the food he enjoys which is high in fat and calories. This is not good for Michael seeing how his doctor has informed him of this being a high health risk due to the family history of cancer. She lives an unsafe lifestyle, not taking the proper precautions while having sex with men. Michael does not agree with her lifestyle and tries to express his concern but Taylor does not listen. Michael should express his concern about her careless lifestyle a little more stern and often. Taylor, Michael’s sister should be a little more open to what her brother has to say. Living HIV positive and being unsafely sexually active is very dangerous, she is putting other people at risk of getting sick. HIV is not a curable disease. Maybe Michael should gather more information about the disease and inform his sister of the dangers of her actions because maybe she just lacks the right knowledge of her disease. Taylor, enables her brother Michael, to live an unhealthy lifestyle as well, by cooking high-fat, high-calorie meals for him. Michael’s doctor diagnosed him with high blood pressure, which is quite common in 40 percent of adults his age. Knowing their family history, Taylor should try and have a little more concern for her brother’s health. Michael is trying to get healthier, he is taking medication for his high blood pressure, and cutting back on the foods he enjoys most, which is a good start, but exercise would also aide in the minimization of health risks as he gets older. Maybe if Michael’s girlfriend, Tina would express her concern about his health, he might be a little more inclined to becoming physically active and start exercising regularly and it might help him notice his girlfriend’s improvement in their emotional connection. â€Å"It is apparent that being infected with HIV is associated with chronic immune activation and that this is reduced when viral loads are suppressed with highly active antiretroviral therapy† (HIV disease: fallout from a mucosal catastrophe? (2006, March). Nature Immunology, 7(3), 236.). Michael seems to be a push over. He enables his sister to live a careless lifestyle and allows her to live in his home and does not show concern about her not working. He has issues with his girlfriend but does not address his obvious concerns about Tina’s lack of emotional connection. Michael may have a communication issue with family, he seems to be very open around his friends and minister but lacks the assertiveness needed to address other personal problems he faces. In a sense, it is less stress upon his life but in the long run, he will get nowhere. References HIV disease: fallout from a mucosal catastrophe? (2006, March). Nature Immunology, 7(3), 236. Zastrow, C. H. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

Rising Major League Baseball Salaries, And The Essays -

Rising Major League Baseball Salaries, And The Rising Major League Baseball Salaries, and the Economic Effect it has on Competition and the Consumer. As long has there has been business, Management and Labor have warred against each other for a bigger piece of the pie. Major League Baseball is no different. In the early years of professional baseball the owners controlled the salaries of the players and decided where they could play and what they would be paid. The players were bound to their team by the Reserve Clause that stated, the services of a player will be reserved exclusively for that team for the next season. This resulted in keeping the players salaries artificially low because the players were not allowed to offer their services to any other team. The Reserve Clause was in effect for more than One Hundred years of baseball history. It was challenged several times but the owners had won every time, until in 1970 when the St. Louis Cardinals traded outfielder Curt Flood to the Philadelphia Phillies. Flood refused to play for the Phillies and sued to become a free-agent. Floods case was in court for several years going al l the way to the Supreme Court. He was never able to play in the Major League again. While he did not win his case, he laid the groundwork for a later case that involved two pitchers, Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally who filed a grievance against the league contending that, because they didn't sign contracts with their previous teams they were free agents. The owners and the Players Association agreed to submit to binding, impartial, arbitration in order to settle this case. On December 23, 1975 the arbitrator Peter Seitz ruled in favor of the players and the Reserve Clause was broken, and the era of free agency began in the Major Leagues. In 1976 when free agency began the average player salary was only $52 thousand dollars, but it has increased steadily ever since. By 1990 the average salary for a Major League Baseball player had risen to $589 thousand dollars. This Year baseball will start the 2001 season with an average player salary of more than $2 million, about 40 times high er than the typical wage in 1976 when free agency began. Average Major League Player Salaries 1976-2000 Year Average Increase/decrease Median1976 $52,300 --- *1977 74,000 41.49% *1978 97,800 32.16% *1979 121,900 24.64% *1980 146,500 20.18% *1981 196,500 34.13% *1982 245,000 24.68% *1983 289,000 17.96% 207,5001984 325,900 12.77% 229,7501985 368,998 13.22% 265,8331986 410,517 11.25% 275,0001987 402,579 -1.93% 235,0001988 430,688 6.98% 235,0001989 489,539 13.66% 280,0001990 589,483 20.42% 350,0001991 845,383 43.41% 412,0001992 1,012,424 19.76% 392,5001993 1,062,780 4.97% 371,5001994 1,154,486 8.63% 450,0001995 1,094,440 -5.20% 275,0001996 1,101,455 0.64% 300,0001997 1,314,420 19.33% 400,0001998 1,377,196 4.78% The constant rise in players salaries has created huge disparity in the overall, total payrolls of Major League teams, and it is getting bigger every year. In 1988 the New York Yankees had the highest team payroll at $21.5 million dollars and the Seattle Mariners payroll was the lowest at $6.5 million. The difference between the highest and the lowest was just $15 million dollars, but by the 2000 season the difference had increased to $97.6 million dollars. The Yankees again had the highest payroll at $113.4 million, and the Minnesota Twins payroll was the lowest at $15.8 million. Seventeen other teams had payrolls that were at least 50% less than the Yankees. This disparity has created a situation that has made it very hard for the poorer, small, market teams to compete for players and championships. In 1999 the eight teams that made the playoffs, the New York Yankees, Texas Rangers, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, New York Mets, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Houston Astros, all ranked in the top ten in total payroll. Since the strike, in 1994, every playoff team except for the Houston Astros, in 1997, has been in the top half of the league in total payroll. The year 2000 was an exception to that rule. In 2000 the Chicago White Sox were able to win the American League Central Division with a payroll of just $36.98 million, and the Oakland Athletics won the A.L. West with a payroll of $32.17